// question: 17152242  name: After the election of 1876 the Reconstruction Republican governments ...
::After the election of 1876 the Reconstruction Republican governments ...::[html]After the election of 1876 the Reconstruction Republican governments collapsed in the last two southern states, South Carolina and ____________________.{
	=Louisiana#Correct
	~North Carolina#Incorrect
	~Alabama#Incorrect
	~Virginia#Incorrect
	~Texas#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152172  name: Almost all of the blacks elected to the U.S. House and Senate during ...
::Almost all of the blacks elected to the U.S. House and Senate during ...::[html]Almost all of the blacks elected to the U.S. House and Senate during Reconstruction{
	~were illiterate.#Incorrect
	=had attended secondary school.#Correct
	~were college graduates.#Incorrect
	~were Democrats.#Incorrect
	~had fought for the Confederacy.#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152166  name: Andrew Johnson's National Union Party included all of the following EXCEPT
::Andrew Johnson's National Union Party included all of the following EXCEPT::[html]Andrew Johnson's National Union Party included all of the following EXCEPT{
	~border state Unionists.#Incorrect
	=freedmen.#Correct
	~Democrats.#Incorrect
	~conservative Republicans.#Incorrect
	~white supremacists#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152147  name: By the mid-1870s, northern Americans had grown increasingly
::By the mid-1870s, northern Americans had grown increasingly::[html]By the mid-1870s, northern Americans had grown increasingly{
	~supportive of the government's efforts to restructure the South.#Incorrect
	~convinced that black Americans needed further protection from racist southern governments.#Incorrect
	=weary of the turmoil of southern politics.#Correct
	~weary of the federal government's failure to restructure the South.#Incorrect
	~supportive of black immigration to the North to meet their labor needs and to stop the upheaval in the South.#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152170  name: Congressional laws in 1870 and 1871 did all of the following EXCEPT
::Congressional laws in 1870 and 1871 did all of the following EXCEPT::[html]Congressional laws in 1870 and 1871 did all of the following EXCEPT{
	~empower the president to send in federal troops to suppress armed resistance to federal law.#Incorrect
	~declare that any attempt to deprive another person of civil or political rights became a felony.#Incorrect
	~classify interference with voting rights a federal offense.#Incorrect
	=authorize martial law to guarantee racial harmony.#Correct
	~give the president the power to suspend the writ of habeas corpus.#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152216  name: Disputed election returns in the 1876 presidential election came from ...
::Disputed election returns in the 1876 presidential election came from ...::[html]Disputed election returns in the 1876 presidential election came from Louisiana, South Carolina, and ____________________.{
	~Georgia#Incorrect
	~Mississippi#Incorrect
	=Florida#Correct
	~Virginia#Incorrect
	~Texas#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152238  name: Dissatisfied with Grant's administration, Liberal Republicans nominated ...
::Dissatisfied with Grant's administration, Liberal Republicans nominated ...::[html]Dissatisfied with Grant's administration, Liberal Republicans nominated _________________ for President in 1872.{
	~Horatio Alger#Incorrect
	~Horatio Seymour#Incorrect
	~Samuel Tilden#Incorrect
	~Rutherford B. Hayes#Incorrect
	=Horace Greeley#Correct
}


// question: 17152234  name: Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony ____________________.
::Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony ____________________.::[html]Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony ____________________.{
	~supported the Fifteenth Amendment.#Incorrect
	=spoke out against the Fifteenth Amendment.#Correct
	~had no opinion about the Fifteenth Amendment.#Incorrect
	~went along with the decisions of the 1869 AERA convention.#Incorrect
	~believed women's suffrage should come after black male suffrage.#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152156  name: Grant is generally considered
::Grant is generally considered::[html]Grant is generally considered{
	=a failure as president.#Correct
	~an unsuccessful general.#Incorrect
	~a president with an unblemished record.#Incorrect
	~a very active president.#Incorrect
	~our smartest president.#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152231  name: In 1866, black and white abolitionists formed the American Equal Rights ...
::In 1866, black and white abolitionists formed the American Equal Rights ...::[html]In 1866, black and white abolitionists formed the American Equal Rights Association to work for ____________________.{
	~equal pay for freedmen#Incorrect
	=both black and woman suffrage#Correct
	~only black suffrage#Incorrect
	~only female suffrage#Incorrect
	~equal pay for women#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152233  name: In order for a Southern state to be declared reconstructed and its delegates ...
::In order for a Southern state to be declared reconstructed and its delegates ...::[html]In order for a Southern state to be declared reconstructed and its delegates seated in Congress, the state had to ratify the ____________________ Amendment.{
	~Thirteenth#Incorrect
	=Fourteenth#Correct
	~Fifteenth#Incorrect
	~Sixteenth#Incorrect
	~Seventeenth#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152176  name: In response to the Hamburg Massacre, President Grant
::In response to the Hamburg Massacre, President Grant::[html]In response to the Hamburg Massacre, President Grant{
	=sent in federal troops.#Correct
	~withdrew troops from the South.#Incorrect
	~decided not to run for a third term.#Incorrect
	~encouraged the southern states to create their own militia units.#Incorrect
	~organized black militia units.#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152158  name: In the 1870s and 1880s the U.S. Supreme Court
::In the 1870s and 1880s the U.S. Supreme Court::[html]In the 1870s and 1880s the U.S. Supreme Court{
	~strengthened the authority of federal officials in prosecuting individuals who violated the civil rights of blacks.#Incorrect
	~declared the military occupation of the South unconstitutional.#Incorrect
	~banned racial discrimination in public transportation and accommodations.#Incorrect
	~ordered the desegregation of public schools in the South.#Incorrect
	=declared the Civil Rights Act of 1875 unconstitutional.#Correct
}


// question: 17152241  name: In ____________________, South Carolina, a battle between a black militia and...
::In ____________________, South Carolina, a battle between a black militia and...::[html]In ____________________, South Carolina, a battle between a black militia and the white Red Shirts led to the murder of several militiamen.{
	~Georgia#Incorrect
	~Louisiana#Incorrect
	~South Carolina#Incorrect
	~Virginia#Incorrect
	=Hamburg#Correct
}


// question: 17152236  name: Johnson created the ____________________ Party.
::Johnson created the ____________________ Party.::[html]Johnson created the ____________________ Party.{
	~Radical Republican#Incorrect
	~Liberal Republican#Incorrect
	=National Union#Correct
	~Dixiecrat#Incorrect
	~Allegiance#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152229  name: Johnson restored political and property rights to most former Confederate ...
::Johnson restored political and property rights to most former Confederate ...::[html]Johnson restored political and property rights to most former Confederate leaders by granting them ____________________.{
	~forty acres and a mule#Incorrect
	=pardons#Correct
	~money#Incorrect
	~governorships#Incorrect
	~the right to vote#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152169  name: Newly enfranchised freedmen learned about their rights and responsibilities ...
::Newly enfranchised freedmen learned about their rights and responsibilities ...::[html]Newly enfranchised freedmen learned about their rights and responsibilities as voters{
	~from former masters.#Incorrect
	=black churches.#Correct
	~from black politicians.#Incorrect
	~by reading voting guides.#Incorrect
	~from the Republican party.#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152153  name: Section 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment did NOT
::Section 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment did NOT::[html]Section 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment did NOT{
	~define American citizenship.#Incorrect
	~prohibit states from abridging "privileges and immunities" of U.S. citizens.#Incorrect
	~guarantee equal protection under the law to all American citizens.#Incorrect
	~become the cornerstone of the Constitutional definition of civil rights.#Incorrect
	=affect the voting rights of women.#Correct
}


// question: 17152225  name: Share wages refers to paying workers with _____________________.
::Share wages refers to paying workers with _____________________.::[html]Share wages refers to paying workers with _____________________.{
	=a share of the crop#Correct
	~railroad stock#Incorrect
	~gold#Incorrect
	~government bonds#Incorrect
	~paper money#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152143  name: Southern whites regarded "Carpetbaggers" as
::Southern whites regarded "Carpetbaggers" as::[html]Southern whites regarded "Carpetbaggers" as{
	~traitors to their home region.#Incorrect
	~noble and idealistic "modernizers" to the region's social structure.#Incorrect
	=agents of an army of occupation.#Correct
	~incorruptible in political affairs.#Incorrect
	~supporters of white supremacy.#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152134  name: The "Black Codes"
::The "Black Codes"::[html]The "Black Codes"{
	~were designed to eventually grant freed slaves the rights that white citizens possessed.#Incorrect
	~were passed on a federal, rather than a state level.#Incorrect
	~were founded on white supremacy, but did not ban racial intermarriage.#Incorrect
	~found their most strident support in New York and Massachusetts.#Incorrect
	=were seen as an attempt to reinstate a quasi-slavery.#Correct
}


// question: 17152226  name: The 1915 Film ____________________ affirmed racist Reconstruction myths.
::The 1915 Film ____________________ affirmed racist Reconstruction myths.::[html]The 1915 Film ____________________ affirmed racist Reconstruction myths.{
	~<i>The Tramp</i>#Incorrect
	=<i>Birth of a Nation</i>#Correct
	~<i>The Cheat</i>#Incorrect
	~<i>The Red Widow</i>#Incorrect
	~<i>Temptation</i>#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152230  name: The agency created to oversee relations between former slaves and their ...
::The agency created to oversee relations between former slaves and their ...::[html]The agency created to oversee relations between former slaves and their former masters during Reconstruction was the ____________________.{
	~Radical Republican Agency#Incorrect
	~Liberal Republican Bureau#Incorrect
	=Freedman's Bureau#Correct
	~Reconstruction Committee#Incorrect
	~Ku Klux Klan#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152221  name: The agricultural system under which workers farmed land they did not own in ...
::The agricultural system under which workers farmed land they did not own in ...::[html]The agricultural system under which workers farmed land they did not own in return for part of the crop they produced was called ____________________.{
	~part-time farming#Incorrect
	~agribusiness#Incorrect
	~piecemeal farming#Incorrect
	=sharecropping#Correct
	~the co-op system#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152232  name: The congressional acts that divided the former Confederate states (except ...
::The congressional acts that divided the former Confederate states (except ...::[html]The congressional acts that divided the former Confederate states (except Tennessee) into five military districts, enfranchised black men, disenfranchised some Confederates, and called for new constitutional conventions were the ______________________________.{
	=Reconstruction Acts of 1867#Correct
	~Pendelton Act#Incorrect
	~Tenure of Office Act#Incorrect
	~Ku Klux Klan Act#Incorrect
	~Reform Act of 1869#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152145  name: The Credit Mobilier Affair
::The Credit Mobilier Affair::[html]The Credit Mobilier Affair{
	~reflected poorly on the Grant administration.#Incorrect
	~proved that Congress could not be bought.#Incorrect
	~was organized by "Boss Tweed" to provide bank kickbacks to Tammany Hall.#Incorrect
	~resulted in the resignation of the Governor of Ohio.#Incorrect
	=was an example of an unsavory political strategy of the railroads.#Correct
}


// question: 17152217  name: The Democratic Party policy of intimidating black voters to keep them away ...
::The Democratic Party policy of intimidating black voters to keep them away ...::[html]The Democratic Party policy of intimidating black voters to keep them away from the polls was called ____________________.{
	~carpetbagging#Incorrect
	=bulldozing#Correct
	~skullduggery#Incorrect
	~scalawaging#Incorrect
	~ditching#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152164  name: The dramatic rise in political corruption in the post-Civil War era was ...
::The dramatic rise in political corruption in the post-Civil War era was ...::[html]The dramatic rise in political corruption in the post-Civil War era was triggered by all of these EXCEPT{
	~the expansion of government contracts and bureaucracy that created new opportunities for abuse.#Incorrect
	~relaxed standards and rules after years of wartime hardship.#Incorrect
	~rapid postwar economic growth.#Incorrect
	~the emergence of get-rich-quick schemes.#Incorrect
	=the rise of the Radical Republicans.#Correct
}


// question: 17152137  name: The election of 1866 revealed
::The election of 1866 revealed::[html]The election of 1866 revealed{
	~strong support for Andrew Johnson's reconstruction plans.#Incorrect
	~the emergence of white "backlash" in the South.#Incorrect
	~the increasing popularity of the Republican Party among southern whites.#Incorrect
	~the increasing popularity of the Democratic Party.#Incorrect
	=the belief among Republicans that much more needed to be done to reconstruct the South.#Correct
}


// question: 17152165  name: The Fifteenth Amendment
::The Fifteenth Amendment::[html]The Fifteenth Amendment{
	~defined blacks as American citizens.#Incorrect
	~granted equal protection of the laws.#Incorrect
	~guaranteed the Confederate debt.#Incorrect
	~disqualified a significant number of ex-Confederates from holding federal or state office.#Incorrect
	=increased the number of voters in the United States.#Correct
}


// question: 17152239  name: The financier whose pyramid schemes collapsed in 1873 and helped touch off an...
::The financier whose pyramid schemes collapsed in 1873 and helped touch off an...::[html]The financier whose pyramid schemes collapsed in 1873 and helped touch off an economic collapse was ____________________.{
	=Jay Cooke#Correct
	~Charles Ponzi#Incorrect
	~Ivar Krueger#Incorrect
	~"Boss" Tweed#Incorrect
	~Thomas Nast#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152174  name: The first state with a plan to eliminate black voting was which of the ...
::The first state with a plan to eliminate black voting was which of the ...::[html]The first state with a plan to eliminate black voting was which of the following?{
	=Mississippi#Correct
	~Alabama#Incorrect
	~Louisiana#Incorrect
	~Arkansas#Incorrect
	~Texas#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152163  name: The four southern states remaining under Republican control in 1875 were ...
::The four southern states remaining under Republican control in 1875 were ...::[html]The four southern states remaining under Republican control in 1875 were Louisiana, Florida, Mississippi, and{
	~Georgia.#Incorrect
	~Alabama.#Incorrect
	=South Carolina.#Correct
	~Virginia.#Incorrect
	~Texas.#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152142  name: The Grant Administration succeeded in which foreign policy area?
::The Grant Administration succeeded in which foreign policy area?::[html]The Grant Administration succeeded in which foreign policy area?{
	=the settling of claims related to British involvement in the building of the C.S.S. <i>Alabama</i>#Correct
	~the annexation of Santo Domingo#Incorrect
	~the invasion of Haiti#Incorrect
	~the purchase of Cuba from Spain#Incorrect
	~the settling of a border dispute with Mexico#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152139  name: The impeachment of Andrew Johnson was
::The impeachment of Andrew Johnson was::[html]The impeachment of Andrew Johnson was{
	~because of crimes and misdemeanors committed while he was president.#Incorrect
	~the first time a president was forced to resign.#Incorrect
	=in retaliation for his opposition to congressional reconstruction.#Correct
	~because of his failure to appoint a vice president.#Incorrect
	~because of his affair with an office worker.#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152220  name: The killing of black militiamen in Louisiana in 1873 was known as the ...
::The killing of black militiamen in Louisiana in 1873 was known as the ...::[html]The killing of black militiamen in Louisiana in 1873 was known as the ____________________.{
	=Colfax Massacre#Correct
	~Klansman Strike#Incorrect
	~Scalawag Rebellion#Incorrect
	~New Orleans crisis#Incorrect
	~Carpetbagger Revolt#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152227  name: The linking of the Union Pacific and Central Pacific Railroad lines occurred ...
::The linking of the Union Pacific and Central Pacific Railroad lines occurred ...::[html]The linking of the Union Pacific and Central Pacific Railroad lines occurred in ____________________.{
	~California#Incorrect
	=Utah Territory#Correct
	~Missouri#Incorrect
	~Montana#Incorrect
	~Texas#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152168  name: The main issue addressed by the 15th Amendment was
::The main issue addressed by the 15th Amendment was::[html]The main issue addressed by the 15th Amendment was{
	~housing.#Incorrect
	~lynching.#Incorrect
	~segregation.#Incorrect
	~civil rights.#Incorrect
	=voting.#Correct
}


// question: 17152144  name: The main purpose of the Ku Klux Klan during Reconstruction was to
::The main purpose of the Ku Klux Klan during Reconstruction was to::[html]The main purpose of the Ku Klux Klan during Reconstruction was to{
	=destroy the Republican Party in the South.#Correct
	~deny freedmen equal protection under the law.#Incorrect
	~return black Americans to slavery.#Incorrect
	~dismantle the Democratic Party.#Incorrect
	~take the South out of the Union.#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152171  name: The majority of southern Republican voters were
::The majority of southern Republican voters were::[html]The majority of southern Republican voters were{
	~wealthy planters.#Incorrect
	~poor whites.#Incorrect
	=blacks.#Correct
	~women.#Incorrect
	~Native Americans.#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152159  name: The primary purpose of the Ku Klux Klan was to
::The primary purpose of the Ku Klux Klan was to::[html]The primary purpose of the Ku Klux Klan was to{
	=prevent blacks from voting.#Correct
	~revive slavery.#Incorrect
	~kill blacks.#Incorrect
	~destroy the Republican Party.#Incorrect
	~force the withdrawal of federal troop from the South.#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152222  name: The removal of ____________________ from the post of secretary of war ...
::The removal of ____________________ from the post of secretary of war ...::[html]The removal of ____________________ from the post of secretary of war triggered the impeachment of Andrew Johnson.{
	~Archibald Thomas#Incorrect
	=Edwin M. Stanton#Correct
	~Ulysses S. Grant#Incorrect
	~George McClellan#Incorrect
	~John Schofield#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152240  name: The Republican governor of Mississippi who asked Grant to send troops to ...
::The Republican governor of Mississippi who asked Grant to send troops to ...::[html]The Republican governor of Mississippi who asked Grant to send troops to control whites' violent intimidation of black voters in that state during the election of 1875 was ____________________.{
	~Jay Cooke#Incorrect
	=Adelbert Ames#Correct
	~Ivar Krueger#Incorrect
	~"Boss" Tweed#Incorrect
	~Thomas Nast#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152148  name: The strategy known as the "Mississippi Plan" aimed to do all of the following...
::The strategy known as the "Mississippi Plan" aimed to do all of the following...::[html]The strategy known as the "Mississippi Plan" aimed to do all of the following EXCEPT{
	~intimidate black voters.#Incorrect
	~force all southern whites to join the Democratic Party.#Incorrect
	~end Republican rule in the South.#Incorrect
	=return confiscated land to former owners.#Correct
	~use economic coercion to control election outcomes.#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152138  name: The Tenure of Office Act
::The Tenure of Office Act::[html]The Tenure of Office Act{
	~angered congressmen by limiting their terms to two years.#Incorrect
	~stated that a president could only hold office while in good standing.#Incorrect
	=required Senate approval before the president could remove a cabinet member.#Correct
	~was designed to implement the spoils system.#Incorrect
	~limited the president to two terms in office.#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152160  name: The term "bayonet rule" refers to
::The term "bayonet rule" refers to::[html]The term "bayonet rule" refers to{
	~the use of threats and intimidation to prevent blacks from voting.#Incorrect
	~a requirement that all U.S. Army officers carry a bayonet while on guard duty.#Incorrect
	=the use of federal troops to support Republican state governments and black rights in the South.#Correct
	~civil rights leaders' call for mass arrests of Ku Klux Klan members.#Incorrect
	~the methods used by white southerners to regain control of their state governments.#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152224  name: The ____________________ Act established the modern structure of the civil ...
::The ____________________ Act established the modern structure of the civil ...::[html]The ____________________ Act established the modern structure of the civil service.{
	~Reconstruction#Incorrect
	=Pendelton#Correct
	~Tenure of Office#Incorrect
	~Ku Klux Klan#Incorrect
	~Reform#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152228  name: The ____________________ Amendment gave blacks the right to vote.
::The ____________________ Amendment gave blacks the right to vote.::[html]The ____________________ Amendment gave blacks the right to vote.{
	~Thirteenth#Incorrect
	~Fourteenth#Incorrect
	=Fifteenth#Correct
	~Sixteenth#Incorrect
	~Seventeenth#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152237  name: The ____________________ was a terrorist organization that attacked blacks ...
::The ____________________ was a terrorist organization that attacked blacks ...::[html]The ____________________ was a terrorist organization that attacked blacks and set out to destroy the Republican Party in the South.{
	=Ku Klux Klan#Correct
	~Freedmen's Bureau#Incorrect
	~Scalawag#Incorrect
	~Carpetbag#Incorrect
	~AERA#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152223  name: Ulysses S. Grant suffered public criticism for his efforts to acquire ...
::Ulysses S. Grant suffered public criticism for his efforts to acquire ...::[html]Ulysses S. Grant suffered public criticism for his efforts to acquire ____________________.{
	~the Phillipines#Incorrect
	~the Union Central Railroad#Incorrect
	=Santo Domingo#Correct
	~Alaska#Incorrect
	~Puerto Rico#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152218  name: Ulysses S. Grant's opponent in the election of 1868 was ____________________....
::Ulysses S. Grant's opponent in the election of 1868 was ____________________....::[html]Ulysses S. Grant's opponent in the election of 1868 was ____________________.{
	~Horatio Alger#Incorrect
	=Horatio Seymour#Correct
	~Samuel Tilden#Incorrect
	~Rutherford B. Hayes#Incorrect
	~Horace Greeley#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152155  name: Ulysses S. Grant's presidency is known as an era of
::Ulysses S. Grant's presidency is known as an era of::[html]Ulysses S. Grant's presidency is known as an era of{
	~honesty and integrity of both state and federal officeholders.#Incorrect
	~federal regulation of business interests.#Incorrect
	~mutual understanding between North and South, Democrats and Republicans, whites and blacks.#Incorrect
	~renewed factional violence.#Incorrect
	=scandal and corruption at all levels of government.#Correct
}


// question: 17152141  name: Ulysses S. Grant's presidential victory in 1868 hinged on the support of
::Ulysses S. Grant's presidential victory in 1868 hinged on the support of::[html]Ulysses S. Grant's presidential victory in 1868 hinged on the support of{
	~northern Democrats.#Incorrect
	~southern Democrats.#Incorrect
	=African Americans.#Correct
	~National Union Party members.#Incorrect
	~European immigrants.#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152173  name: What industry was primarily responsible for the Panic of 1873?
::What industry was primarily responsible for the Panic of 1873?::[html]What industry was primarily responsible for the Panic of 1873?{
	~mining#Incorrect
	=railroad#Correct
	~steel#Incorrect
	~textile#Incorrect
	~cotton#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152167  name: What is NOT true of the new state constitutions adopted by southern states in...
::What is NOT true of the new state constitutions adopted by southern states in...::[html]What is NOT true of the new state constitutions adopted by southern states in 1867 and 1868?{
	~They were among the most progressive in the nation.#Incorrect
	~They were passed by delegates who were predominantly Republican.#Incorrect
	~They included universal male suffrage.#Incorrect
	~They required statewide public schools for both races.#Incorrect
	=They advocated for the right of women to vote.#Correct
}


// question: 17152161  name: What signaled the end of Reconstruction?
::What signaled the end of Reconstruction?::[html]What signaled the end of Reconstruction?{
	=the Compromise of 1877#Correct
	~the impeachment of Andrew Johnson#Incorrect
	~the Credit Mobilier Affair#Incorrect
	~the election of U.S. Grant#Incorrect
	~the election of 1876#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152135  name: What was the main purpose of the Freedmen's Bureau?
::What was the main purpose of the Freedmen's Bureau?::[html]What was the main purpose of the Freedmen's Bureau?{
	=to oversee relations between former masters and slaves#Correct
	~to implement the process of land redistribution#Incorrect
	~to deny access to legal redress for white southerners#Incorrect
	~to punish former slaveholders#Incorrect
	~to ensure passage of the Fourteenth Amendment#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152136  name: Which is true of the Fourteenth Amendment?
::Which is true of the Fourteenth Amendment?::[html]Which is true of the Fourteenth Amendment?{
	=It gave all citizens equal protection of the law.#Correct
	~It funded the Confederate war debt.#Incorrect
	~It refused to create a constitutional definition of citizenship.#Incorrect
	~It left the enforcement of the amendment to the states alone.#Incorrect
	~It gave freed slaves the right to vote.#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152175  name: Which of the following is a true statement about the 1875 civil rights law ...
::Which of the following is a true statement about the 1875 civil rights law ...::[html]Which of the following is a true statement about the 1875 civil rights law that the Supreme Court struck down in its 1883 ruling in <i>Civil Rights cases?</i>{
	~It banned marriage between blacks and whites.#Incorrect
	~It overly restricted voting rights.#Incorrect
	=Its ban on discrimination on public transportation was overly broad.#Correct
	~The congressmen who supported the law were confident it was constitutional and found the court's ruling surprising.#Incorrect
	~The law was widely enforced when the ruling came down.#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152152  name: Which of the following is characteristic of the post-Civil War southern labor...
::Which of the following is characteristic of the post-Civil War southern labor...::[html]Which of the following is characteristic of the post-Civil War southern labor system?{
	~Black workers preferred working in gangs as they had done under slavery.#Incorrect
	=The new system of sharecropping evolved.#Correct
	~Foreign immigrants were brought in to replace slave laborers.#Incorrect
	~Most ex-slaves purchased land and often employed their former masters.#Incorrect
	~The economy quickly recovered from the ravages of war.#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152154  name: Which of the following is true of Andrew Johnson's impeachment trial?
::Which of the following is true of Andrew Johnson's impeachment trial?::[html]Which of the following is true of Andrew Johnson's impeachment trial?{
	=The Senate sat as a court to try Johnson on charges drawn up by the House.#Correct
	~The trial was rushed through Congress.#Incorrect
	~He was convicted.#Incorrect
	~His defense counsel was inept.#Incorrect
	~Johnson weakened his own defense by refusing to appoint a new secretary of war.#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152149  name: Which of the following was not a part of the Compromise of 1877?
::Which of the following was not a part of the Compromise of 1877?::[html]Which of the following was not a part of the Compromise of 1877?{
	~removal of federal troops from southern states#Incorrect
	=appointment of a southern vice president#Correct
	~federal aid for a southern railroad#Incorrect
	~federal appropriations to rebuild war-destroyed levees#Incorrect
	~appointment of a southern postmaster general#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152162  name: Which political group agitated the most for the rights of African Americans ...
::Which political group agitated the most for the rights of African Americans ...::[html]Which political group agitated the most for the rights of African Americans in the South?{
	=Radical Republicans#Correct
	~Victory Party#Incorrect
	~Southern Democrats#Incorrect
	~Peace Party#Incorrect
	~Liberal Republicans#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152157  name: Which statement is NOT true of black political activity during Reconstruction?
::Which statement is NOT true of black political activity during Reconstruction?::[html]Which statement is NOT true of black political activity during Reconstruction?{
	~Most black voters were illiterate ex-slaves.#Incorrect
	~At the federal level, black men were elected to both the House of Representatives and the Senate.#Incorrect
	~Prominent black leaders were educated and most had been free prior to the Civil War.#Incorrect
	~A majority of black voters were members of the Republican Party.#Incorrect
	=Black voters kept Democrats in power in Georgia.#Correct
}


// question: 17152140  name: Which statement is true of scandals during the Grant administration?
::Which statement is true of scandals during the Grant administration?::[html]Which statement is true of scandals during the Grant administration?{
	~The Credit Mobilier affair almost resulted in Grant's impeachment.#Incorrect
	~They were caused by Grant's mistrust of his subordinates.#Incorrect
	=Grant's secretary of war was impeached and two other cabinet members resigned.#Correct
	~The scandals did not reflect American society as a whole.#Incorrect
	~They resulted in Grant's resignation from office in 1870.#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152219  name: White southerners who joined the Republican Party were called ...
::White southerners who joined the Republican Party were called ...::[html]White southerners who joined the Republican Party were called ____________________.{
	=scalawags#Correct
	~carpetbaggers#Incorrect
	~no-counters#Incorrect
	~Dixie Democrats#Incorrect
	~usurpers#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152150  name: White, southern-born Republicans were known as
::White, southern-born Republicans were known as::[html]White, southern-born Republicans were known as{
	~carpetbaggers.#Incorrect
	=scalawags.#Correct
	~jitneys.#Incorrect
	~incorruptibles.#Incorrect
	~Lincolnites.#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152151  name: Who ordered thousands of acres of plantation land in Georgia and South ...
::Who ordered thousands of acres of plantation land in Georgia and South ...::[html]Who ordered thousands of acres of plantation land in Georgia and South Carolina to be distributed among freed slaves?{
	~U. S. Grant#Incorrect
	~Benjamin Wade#Incorrect
	=William T. Sherman#Correct
	~Andrew Johnson#Incorrect
	~Abraham Lincoln#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152146  name: ____ was the presidential candidate nominated by both the Liberal Republicans...
::____ was the presidential candidate nominated by both the Liberal Republicans...::[html]____ was the presidential candidate nominated by both the Liberal Republicans and the Democratic Party in the election of 1872.{
	~Horatio Seymour#Incorrect
	~Samuel B. Tilden#Incorrect
	~Ulysses S. Grant#Incorrect
	=Horace Greeley#Correct
	~Rutherford Hayes#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152235  name: ____________________ was a construction company for the Union Pacific ...
::____________________ was a construction company for the Union Pacific ...::[html]____________________ was a construction company for the Union Pacific Railroad that gave congressmen stock in return for land grants and loans from the government.{
	=Credit Mobilier#Correct
	~AERA#Incorrect
	~Tammany#Incorrect
	~Standard Oil#Incorrect
	~The U.S. Chamber of Commerce#Incorrect
}


// question: 17152197  name: Abolitionist and missionary groups sent teachers into the Union-occupied ...
::Abolitionist and missionary groups sent teachers into the Union-occupied ...::[html]Abolitionist and missionary groups sent teachers into the Union-occupied South to educate freed slaves during the Civil War.{TRUE}


// question: 17152204  name: Andrew Johnson advised Southern legislatures to accept the Fourteenth Amendment.
::Andrew Johnson advised Southern legislatures to accept the Fourteenth Amendment.::[html]Andrew Johnson advised Southern legislatures to accept the Fourteenth Amendment.{FALSE}


// question: 17152203  name: Andrew Johnson was impeached as a result of the Credit Mobilier Affair.
::Andrew Johnson was impeached as a result of the Credit Mobilier Affair.::[html]Andrew Johnson was impeached as a result of the Credit Mobilier Affair.{FALSE}


// question: 17152180  name: Andrew Johnson was openly critical of the southern planter class.
::Andrew Johnson was openly critical of the southern planter class.::[html]Andrew Johnson was openly critical of the southern planter class.{TRUE}


// question: 17152201  name: Andrew Johnson's private view of Frederick Douglass was more sympathetic than...
::Andrew Johnson's private view of Frederick Douglass was more sympathetic than...::[html]Andrew Johnson's private view of Frederick Douglass was more sympathetic than he expressed in public.{FALSE}


// question: 17152200  name: Andrew Johnson's promise to freed people of "40 acres and a mule" met with ...
::Andrew Johnson's promise to freed people of "40 acres and a mule" met with ...::[html]Andrew Johnson's promise to freed people of "40 acres and a mule" met with Congressional resistance in 1866.{FALSE}


// question: 17152185  name: Blacks held a majority of public political offices in several southern states...
::Blacks held a majority of public political offices in several southern states...::[html]Blacks held a majority of public political offices in several southern states during Reconstruction.{FALSE}


// question: 17152214  name: Blacks held office in many states throughout the South in numbers far ...
::Blacks held office in many states throughout the South in numbers far ...::[html]Blacks held office in many states throughout the South in numbers far exceeding their proportion of the population.{FALSE}


// question: 17152182  name: Bulldozing in several parts of the South during the presidential election of ...
::Bulldozing in several parts of the South during the presidential election of ...::[html]Bulldozing in several parts of the South during the presidential election of 1876 hurt Republican candidate Rutherford B. Hayes.{TRUE}


// question: 17152206  name: By September 1867, blacks registered to vote outnumbered whites in the ten ...
::By September 1867, blacks registered to vote outnumbered whites in the ten ...::[html]By September 1867, blacks registered to vote outnumbered whites in the ten states covered by Reconstruction.{TRUE}


// question: 17152215  name: Carpetbaggers held a disproportionate number of high political offices in ...
::Carpetbaggers held a disproportionate number of high political offices in ...::[html]Carpetbaggers held a disproportionate number of high political offices in southern state governments during Reconstruction.{TRUE}


// question: 17152209  name: During the 1866 congressional election campaign, Republicans made clear that ...
::During the 1866 congressional election campaign, Republicans made clear that ...::[html]During the 1866 congressional election campaign, Republicans made clear that any ex-Confederate state that ratified the Fourteenth Amendment would be considered "reconstructed" and that its representatives and senators would be seated in Congress.{TRUE}


// question: 17152178  name: Economic pressure, violence, and social ostracism influenced the Mississippi ...
::Economic pressure, violence, and social ostracism influenced the Mississippi ...::[html]Economic pressure, violence, and social ostracism influenced the Mississippi state election of 1875.{TRUE}


// question: 17152193  name: In 1862, Abraham Lincoln encouraged freed people to emigrate to all-black ...
::In 1862, Abraham Lincoln encouraged freed people to emigrate to all-black ...::[html]In 1862, Abraham Lincoln encouraged freed people to emigrate to all-black countries such as Haiti.{TRUE}


// question: 17152207  name: In 1883, the Supreme Court declared a civil rights law passed in 1875 as ...
::In 1883, the Supreme Court declared a civil rights law passed in 1875 as ...::[html]In 1883, the Supreme Court declared a civil rights law passed in 1875 as unconstitutional.{TRUE}


// question: 17152194  name: Moderate Republicans believed that black men should participate to some ...
::Moderate Republicans believed that black men should participate to some ...::[html]Moderate Republicans believed that black men should participate to some degree in the reconstruction process.{TRUE}


// question: 17152213  name: Most Southern Republicans were poor, illiterate, and property less; most ...
::Most Southern Republicans were poor, illiterate, and property less; most ...::[html]Most Southern Republicans were poor, illiterate, and property less; most Northern Republicans represented the most prosperous, educated, and influential elements of society.{TRUE}


// question: 17152199  name: Nearly all freed slaves continued to work for their former owners after the war.
::Nearly all freed slaves continued to work for their former owners after the war.::[html]Nearly all freed slaves continued to work for their former owners after the war.{FALSE}


// question: 17152192  name: President Grant refused to delegate power and did not trust his subordinates.
::President Grant refused to delegate power and did not trust his subordinates.::[html]President Grant refused to delegate power and did not trust his subordinates.{FALSE}


// question: 17152196  name: Radical Republicans in Congress had a consistent and firm ally in Andrew ...
::Radical Republicans in Congress had a consistent and firm ally in Andrew ...::[html]Radical Republicans in Congress had a consistent and firm ally in Andrew Johnson.{FALSE}


// question: 17152183  name: Scalawags were southerners who served Republican Reconstruction governments.
::Scalawags were southerners who served Republican Reconstruction governments.::[html]Scalawags were southerners who served Republican Reconstruction governments.{TRUE}


// question: 17152189  name: Tennessee was the first ex-Confederate state to ratify the Fourteenth ...
::Tennessee was the first ex-Confederate state to ratify the Fourteenth ...::[html]Tennessee was the first ex-Confederate state to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment in order to be "readmitted" to the union.{TRUE}


// question: 17152212  name: The "Southern Question" was the most intractable issue during Grant's two ...
::The "Southern Question" was the most intractable issue during Grant's two ...::[html]The "Southern Question" was the most intractable issue during Grant's two administrations.{TRUE}


// question: 17152211  name: The chief concern of early civil service reformers was the "spoils system."...
::The chief concern of early civil service reformers was the "spoils system."...::[html]The chief concern of early civil service reformers was the "spoils system."{TRUE}


// question: 17152191  name: The chief target of civil service reform was the "toil system."
::The chief target of civil service reform was the "toil system."::[html]The chief target of civil service reform was the "toil system."{FALSE}


// question: 17152179  name: The Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution left half of America ...
::The Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution left half of America ...::[html]The Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution left half of America disenfranchised.{TRUE}


// question: 17152198  name: The Fifteenth Amendment, despite its extension of the franchise, did not give...
::The Fifteenth Amendment, despite its extension of the franchise, did not give...::[html]The Fifteenth Amendment, despite its extension of the franchise, did not give the right to vote to roughly half of Americans.{TRUE}


// question: 17152188  name: The Fourteenth Amendment forced southern states to enfranchise blacks.
::The Fourteenth Amendment forced southern states to enfranchise blacks.::[html]The Fourteenth Amendment forced southern states to enfranchise blacks.{FALSE}


// question: 17152202  name: The Fourteenth Amendment provided a Constitutional basis for civil rights.
::The Fourteenth Amendment provided a Constitutional basis for civil rights.::[html]The Fourteenth Amendment provided a Constitutional basis for civil rights.{TRUE}


// question: 17152184  name: The Ku Klux Klan began as a political party.
::The Ku Klux Klan began as a political party.::[html]The Ku Klux Klan began as a political party.{FALSE}


// question: 17152208  name: The new southern state constitutions written during the winter and spring of ...
::The new southern state constitutions written during the winter and spring of ...::[html]The new southern state constitutions written during the winter and spring of 1867-1868 were among the most progressive in the nation.{TRUE}


// question: 17152181  name: The Reconstruction Act of 1867 divided the South into an occupied territory ...
::The Reconstruction Act of 1867 divided the South into an occupied territory ...::[html]The Reconstruction Act of 1867 divided the South into an occupied territory under military command.{TRUE}


// question: 17152205  name: The Reconstruction Acts of 1867 embodied a true revolution.
::The Reconstruction Acts of 1867 embodied a true revolution.::[html]The Reconstruction Acts of 1867 embodied a true revolution.{TRUE}


// question: 17152177  name: The U.S. presidential election of 1876 was fair, free, and democratic.
::The U.S. presidential election of 1876 was fair, free, and democratic.::[html]The U.S. presidential election of 1876 was fair, free, and democratic.{FALSE}


// question: 17152195  name: The Wade-Davis bill proposed lenient loyalty requirements for Southern whites.
::The Wade-Davis bill proposed lenient loyalty requirements for Southern whites.::[html]The Wade-Davis bill proposed lenient loyalty requirements for Southern whites.{FALSE}


// question: 17152186  name: Under the Johnson Reconstruction Plan, no ex-Confederate state gave blacks ...
::Under the Johnson Reconstruction Plan, no ex-Confederate state gave blacks ...::[html]Under the Johnson Reconstruction Plan, no ex-Confederate state gave blacks the right to vote.{TRUE}


// question: 17152190  name: Under the U.S. Constitution, impeachment by the House removes an official ...
::Under the U.S. Constitution, impeachment by the House removes an official ...::[html]Under the U.S. Constitution, impeachment by the House removes an official from office.{FALSE}


// question: 17152187  name: White southerners' main complaint against the Freedmen's Bureau was that it ...
::White southerners' main complaint against the Freedmen's Bureau was that it ...::[html]White southerners' main complaint against the Freedmen's Bureau was that it was inefficient.{FALSE}


// question: 17152210  name: Without black enfranchisement, Ulysses S. Grant would have had a minority of ...
::Without black enfranchisement, Ulysses S. Grant would have had a minority of ...::[html]Without black enfranchisement, Ulysses S. Grant would have had a minority of the popular vote in 1868.{TRUE}


